France is trying to turn its nuclear arsenal into a wider European shield. The Responsible Statecraft analysis argues that Emmanuel Macron’s new doctrine of forward deterrence may look like Europe finally taking security seriously, but could instead drag the continent into a more dangerous nuclear stand-off with Russia.

Europe has two giant institutions meant to protect it – NATO and the EU – yet the CEPA analysis argues that they still fail to work together with the urgency the threat demands. The problem is not a lack of summits, statements or polite language.

DGAP’s white paper delivers a sharp warning to Berlin: the wake-up-call phase is over. Germany is already under hybrid attack, from drones and cyber strikes to sabotage, disinformation and economic espionage.

RUSI’s paper gives the UK a hard defence-industry warning. Ministers want more weapons, more innovation and more factory capacity, but the public purse is already under strain.

War on the Rocks delivers a ruthless twist on the usual NATO panic. The problem, it argues, is not that Trump is truly abandoning Europe.

OSW’s analysis turns the Ankara NATO summit into a hard lesson in burden shifting. Europe and Canada arrived with more spending, new procurement, bigger industrial plans and a promise to carry more of the continent’s defence.

Carnegie’s paper warns that the nuclear danger is no longer just about who has the bomb. The more awkward problem is the growing zone just below it – states building the ability to go nuclear fast while denying they have crossed the line.